Human Diseases

Bird flu, also termed as ' avian influenza ' has become concerning disease in these recent years. As the name clears, this flu attacks different species of birds , especially includes chickens, ducks and geese.In total , there are about 16 types of bird flu virus , however, one that is concerning is deadly H5N1 strain. At present, worldwide, about 9,000 deaths has been resulted due to the bird flu, and the deaths of chickens has no limit at all.

Primarily, prevention should be adopted by the one who works in poultry. One should must use masks and gloves for his protection while working in poultry.Bird flu should be controlled starting from farm. Farm animals should be kept well fenced and we should control their link with wild animals as well as other farms. If any sorts of symptoms of flu is found in any bird, then it should be isolated from the group and should be kept separate for investigation. Careful dealing with different nasal and faeceal discharges while working in poultry should be done.

If we have any bird as pet, then we should be careful in this case. It should be kept caged, and control its way out to outdoor. AVMC ( The American Veterinarian Medical Association ) suggests not to allow our cat to escape here and there outside, for prevention from bird flu and other diseases as well.

Prevention while eating poultry items is a must for preventing bird flu. Several preventive measures should be taken in considerations while handling and eating poultry items. Separate dishes and knives should be used for poultry and vegetables and should be well washed after they are used. Cooking temperature should must exceed 70°C. Eggs also carry bird flu. So, eggs should be well washed before they are cooked. Buying cracked eggs should be strictly avoided. Several of people take frozen meat who should well know that freezing the meat does not kill the virus at all.

Different vaccines are available for bird flu. Tamiflu prevents virus from escaping its host cell. However , these medication are not well effective and treatment can't be assured. So, if we can , prevention is far better than searching its cure.

Hepatitis is defined as the infection of liver by virus ( expecially A, B, C , D, E virus ). It is self-limiting disease.

Some facts about different viral Hepatitis
> Among the Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E : Hepatitis B is DNA virus , rest are RNA virus.
> Vaccine and Immunoglobulin are present for Hepatitis B and C.
> Treatment: drugs are present for Hepatitis B and C.
> Fecal - oral transmission is present in Hepatitis A and E.
> Vertical transmission ( Mother to foetus ) is present in Hepatitis B and D.
> Hepatitis A and E are also known as infective hepatitis.
> Chronic hepatitis if infected for >6 months.
> Hepatitis B and C may cause liver abscess, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer.
> Hepatitis C is silent killer, more chronic carrier stage.

Hepatitis A / traveller's Hepatitis
Its agent is hepatitis a virus and reservoir in humans is Asymptomatic or symptomatic. It is transmitted by fecal oral route and sexually in homosexual men by oral - anal contact.Incubation period for this Hepatitis is 15 - 45 days. Control measure for this Hepatitis includes boiling water, flocculation, filtration, and adequate chlorination, hand washing, proper sanitation.

Hepatitis E
This Hepatitis causes self-limiting viral illness with mortality ( 0.5 - 4% ) especially in pregnant women ( liver failure ). Pregnancy and Hepatitis E results abortions, IUD , high perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Hepatitis B

Disease Control
Disease control mainly focuses on primary and secondary prevention activities. In this , the "agent" is permitted to persist in the community at a level shere it ceases to be public health problem according to the tolerance of the local population.e.g. Malaria control

Disease elimination
It is used to describe the interruption of transmission of disease or reduction of case transmission to a predetermined very low level. e.g.WHO (1991) - TB elimination to 1 case / million population.

Disease eradication
It is often termed as complete " tear out by roots ". It means termination of all transmission of infection by extermination of the infectious agent. It is an absolute process, e.g. small pox eradication.

Monitoring
The performance and analysis of routine movements aimed at detecting changes in the environment or health status of population.

Surveillance

If there is any sorts of anxiety inside us that we have caught hiv aids, due to any means of transmission like unsafe sex with partner who have HIV, or use of infected syringe, genetic transfer, or use of infected blood, then its time for one to visit the family doctor, or a expert on gynecology. Doctors there take different tests of our body, which may include a blood test or any other sorts of test. After performing such tests , it may take a few hours for the result whether there is a presence of HIV in our blood or not.

For performing such sorts of tests, we can walk away to any hospital or clinic around us. One thing we should get relaxed for our test is that the medical personnel keep it confidential about our tests. After performing the tests, result comes out to be either positive or negative. If we can't get the right hospital or clinic around us, then we should contact any hotlines.

Upto present, there is no exactly found cure for HIV AIDS. HIV weakens the immune system of our body which can be slowed down by the use of some drugs or by some clinical treatments. Along with HIV AIDS , there are many HIV assosiated illnesses which can be prevented or cured by some sorts of treatments. Medical personnels and health conscious researchers are on long run to find the exact curing and preventive measures for HIV AIDS, but still all in vain. These all clearly indicates that the success in the discovery of the exact curative measures of HIV AIDS likely is years away.